苛性钠

[ noun ]
a strongly alkaline caustic used in manufacturing soap and paper and aluminum and various sodium compounds
<noun.substance>

Soda \So"da\, n. [It., soda, in OIt., ashes used in making
glass, fr. L. solida, fem. of solidus solid; solida having
probably been a name of glasswort. See {Solid}.]
1. (Chem.)
(a) Sodium oxide or hydroxide.
(b) Popularly, sodium carbonate or bicarbonate. Sodium
bicarbonate is also called {baking soda}

2. same as {sodium}, used in terms such as {bicarbonate of
soda}.
[PJC]

3. same as {soda water}.
[PJC]

4. a non-alcoholic beverage, sweetened by various means,
containing flavoring and supersaturated with carbon
dioxide, so as to be effervescent when the container is
opened; -- in different localities it is variously called
also {soda pop}, {pop}, {mineral water}, and {minerals}.
It has many variants. The sweetening agent may be natural,
such as cane sugar or corn syrup, or artificial, such as
saccharin or aspartame. The flavoring varies widely,
popular variants being fruit or cola flavoring.
[PJC]

{Caustic soda}, sodium hydroxide.

{Cooking soda}, sodium bicarbonate. [Colloq.]

{Sal soda}. See {Sodium carbonate}, under {Sodium}.

{Soda alum} (Min.), a mineral consisting of the hydrous
sulphate of alumina and soda.

{Soda ash}, crude sodium carbonate; -- so called because
formerly obtained from the ashes of sea plants and certain
other plants, as saltwort ({Salsola}). See under {Sodium}.


{Soda fountain}, an apparatus for drawing soda water, fitted
with delivery tube, faucets, etc.

{Soda lye}, a lye consisting essentially of a solution of
sodium hydroxide, used in soap making.

{Soda niter}. See {Nitratine}.

{Soda salts}, salts having sodium for the base; specifically,
sodium sulphate or Glauber's salts.

{Soda waste}, the waste material, consisting chiefly of
calcium hydroxide and sulphide, which accumulates as a
useless residue or side product in the ordinary Leblanc
process of soda manufacture; -- called also {alkali
waste}.

{Washing soda}, sodium carbonate. [Colloq.]


Caustic \Caus"tic\, Caustical \Caus"tic*al\, a. [L. caustucs,
Ge. ?, fr. ? to burn. Cf. {Calm}, {Ink}.]
1. Capable of destroying the texture of anything or eating
away its substance by chemical action; burning; corrosive;
searing.

2. Severe; satirical; sharp; as, a caustic remark.

{Caustic curve} (Optics), a curve to which the ray of light,
reflected or refracted by another curve, are tangents, the
reflecting or refracting curve and the luminous point
being in one plane.

{Caustic lime}. See under {Lime}.

{Caustic potash}, {Caustic soda} (Chem.), the solid
hydroxides potash, {KOH}, and soda, {NaOH}, or solutions
of the same.

{Caustic silver}, nitrate of silver, lunar caustic.

{Caustic surface} (Optics), a surface to which rays reflected
or refracted by another surface are tangents. Caustic
curves and surfaces are called catacaustic when formed by
reflection, and diacaustic when formed by refraction.

Syn: Stinging; cutting; pungent; searching.

Sodium \So"di*um\, n. [NL., fr.E. soda.] (Chem.)
A common metallic element of the alkali group, in nature
always occuring combined, as in common salt, in albite, etc.
It is isolated as a soft, waxy, white, unstable metal, so
highly reactive that it combines violently with water, and to
be preserved must be kept under petroleum or some similar
liquid. Sodium is used combined in many salts, in the free
state as a reducer, and as a means of obtaining other metals
(as magnesium and aluminium) is an important commercial
product. Symbol Na ({Natrium}). Atomic weight 22.990.
Specific gravity 0.97.

{Sodium amalgam}, an alloy of sodium and mercury, usually
produced as a gray metallic crystalline substance, which
is used as a reducing agent, and otherwise.

{Sodium carbonate}, a white crystalline substance,
{Na2CO3.10H2O}, having a cooling alkaline taste, found in
the ashes of many plants, and produced artifically in
large quantities from common salt. It is used in making
soap, glass, paper, etc., and as alkaline agent in many
chemical industries. Called also {sal soda}, {washing
soda}, or {soda}. Cf. {Sodium bicarbonate}, and {Trona}.


{Sodium chloride}, common, or table, salt, {NaCl}.

{Sodium hydroxide}, a white opaque brittle solid, {NaOH},
having a fibrous structure, produced by the action of
quicklime, or of calcium hydrate (milk of lime), on sodium
carbonate. It is a strong alkali, and is used in the
manufacture of soap, in making wood pulp for paper, etc.
Called also {sodium hydrate}, and {caustic soda}. By
extension, a solution of sodium hydroxide.