焦散面

Surface \Sur"face`\, n. [F. See {Sur-}, and {Face}, and cf.
{Superficial}.]
1. The exterior part of anything that has length and breadth;
one of the limits that bound a solid, esp. the upper face;
superficies; the outside; as, the surface of the earth;
the surface of a diamond; the surface of the body.

The bright surface of this ethereous mold. --Milton.

2. Hence, outward or external appearance.

Vain and weak understandings, which penetrate no
deeper than the surface. --V. Knox.

3. (Geom.) A magnitude that has length and breadth without
thickness; superficies; as, a plane surface; a spherical
surface.

4. (Fort.) That part of the side which is terminated by the
flank prolonged, and the angle of the nearest bastion.
--Stocqueler.

{Caustic surface}, {Heating surface}, etc. See under
{Caustic}, {Heating}, etc.

{Surface condensation}, {Surface condenser}. See under
{Condensation}, and {Condenser}.

{Surface gauge} (Mach.), an instrument consisting of a
standard having a flat base and carrying an adjustable
pointer, for gauging the evenness of a surface or its
height, or for marking a line parallel with a surface.

{Surface grub} (Zo["o]l.), the larva of the great yellow
underwing moth ({Triph[oe]na pronuba}). It is often
destructive to the roots of grasses and other plants.

{Surface plate} (Mach.), a plate having an accurately dressed
flat surface, used as a standard of flatness by which to
test other surfaces.

{Surface printing}, printing from a surface in relief, as
from type, in distinction from plate printing, in which
the ink is contained in engraved lines.


Caustic \Caus"tic\, Caustical \Caus"tic*al\, a. [L. caustucs,
Ge. ?, fr. ? to burn. Cf. {Calm}, {Ink}.]
1. Capable of destroying the texture of anything or eating
away its substance by chemical action; burning; corrosive;
searing.

2. Severe; satirical; sharp; as, a caustic remark.

{Caustic curve} (Optics), a curve to which the ray of light,
reflected or refracted by another curve, are tangents, the
reflecting or refracting curve and the luminous point
being in one plane.

{Caustic lime}. See under {Lime}.

{Caustic potash}, {Caustic soda} (Chem.), the solid
hydroxides potash, {KOH}, and soda, {NaOH}, or solutions
of the same.

{Caustic silver}, nitrate of silver, lunar caustic.

{Caustic surface} (Optics), a surface to which rays reflected
or refracted by another surface are tangents. Caustic
curves and surfaces are called catacaustic when formed by
reflection, and diacaustic when formed by refraction.

Syn: Stinging; cutting; pungent; searching.