贰臣 an official who retains his position after capitulating to the new dynasty
- 主要由三个因素造成:与满洲地区的地理亲缘和李自成政权影响程度不同造成南北贰臣文人分布有差;
The differences are mainly due to three factors: the geographical location of the turncoat-official scholars; - 展示了他作为由明季士大夫到清初贰臣的心路历程, 表现了对国家前途命运的深切关注, 具有强烈的抒情性、高度的写实性与深刻的批判精神。
The rolls of poems composed by him formed a vast accumulation that expressed a spirit of strong and realistic concern and consciousness of suffering. - 清初大多数贰臣文人无论是诗文中,还是政治活动、生活方式上都表现出愧疚自赎心态。
In the early Qing Dynasty most turncoat-official scholars are felt to be in a guilty state of mind, which demonstrates itself in their literary works, political activity and life style.