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 subsistence [sәb'sistәns]   添加此单词到默认生词本
n. 生存, 生活

[医] 生存

[经] 最低维持生活标准




    subsistence
    [ noun ]
    1. minimal (or marginal) resources for subsisting

      2. <noun.possession>
      social security provided only a bare subsistence
    2. a means of surviving

      3. <noun.state>
      farming is a hard means of subsistence
    3. the state of existing in reality; having substance

      4. <noun.state>


    Subsistence \Sub*sist"ence\, n. [Cf. F. subsistance, L.
    subsistentia.]
    1. Real being; existence.

    Not only the things had subsistence, but the very
    images were of some creatures existing.
    --Stillingfleet.

    2. Inherency; as, the subsistence of qualities in bodies.

    3. That which furnishes support to animal life; means of
    support; provisions, or that which produces provisions;
    livelihood; as, a meager subsistence.

    His viceroy could only propose to himself a
    comfortable subsistence out of the plunder of his
    province. --Addison.

    4. (Theol.) Same as {Hypostasis}, 2. --Hooker.

    1. Pensioners in Hungary last year received an average of about $75, but 250,000 pensioners are believed to live below the government-accepted minimum subsistence level of about $66. The average monthly wage is about $133.
    2. And wage levels have fallen so much relative to prices that the more than 90% of Russians make less than the subsistence level of 1,500 rubles a month, the state statistics agency says.
    3. The organization wants to revive the harvest of adult ringed seals as a way of returning Canada's 28,000 Inuit to a subsistence economy, Higgins said.
    4. Despite this considerable status, the about 600 Xinhua staff members in Hong Kong are paid subsistence wages by local standards.
    5. Its 1986 special report concentrated on the southern states of Oaxaca and Chiapas, where arable land is scarce, subsistence farming is a way of life and some of Mexico's most violent land disputes occur.
    6. The state's first subsistence law was enacted in 1978, and there have been repeated legal challenges.
    7. Into Nidia's prosperous bourgeois world enters this creature whose life is lived at bare subsistence level.
    8. But the social cost of the program has been excruciating, nevertheless, and the benefits so far have not reached many of the jobless or the 2 million peasant farmers who know only of subsistence.
    9. It calls for creation of a "Citizens Corps" made up of young volunteers who would work one or two years at subsistence wages in civilian or military service.
    10. Many Eskimos and Indians fear oil's potential impact on the environment, on the animals that are their subsistence and on a native way of life already undermined and collapsing.
    11. They point to the requirement that inmates pay part of their daily $37.50 subsistence, based on a sliding scale.
    12. Most of the land is arid and mountainous, deeply eroded and treeless, allowing little more than subsistence farming.
    13. An initiative to repeal the subsistence law failed by a wide margin in 1982, and a statewide poll in March showed solid support for the constitutional amendment.
    14. Although most of the population of Polynesian islanders live at subsistence level, they make a little money from stamp sales, handicrafts, copra sales and fishing.
    15. The biggest bone of contention is the way in which the government will finance an increase in the income tax threshold - demanded by the federal constitutional court - so that no tax is paid below subsistence level.
    16. Gov. Steve Cowper and the Democratic majority were unable to get enough votes in the House for any of several amendments they proposed to restore the subsistence preference for rural residents.
    17. In Russia, the proportion of people officially classified as living below minimum subsistence levels more than doubled to 29 per cent over the year, as real incomes slumped.
    18. The Canadian government said it opposes development of the plain, mainly because animals such as caribou, snow geese and polar bears that migrate between the Alaskan refuge and Canada are important for the "subsistence life style of native Canadians."
    19. "It was like trying to live a subsistence lifestyle in a foreign country," Hope said.
    20. Under subsistence conditions, an environmental ethic easily gives way to survival.
    21. Most of Haiti's land is mountainous but eroded and treeless, allowing little more than subsistence farming.
    22. Many of the casualties are believed to be from the Lahu minority, a Tibetan-Burmese hill people who are mainly subsistence farmers and hunters.
    23. Their subsistence, so far as it arises from their salaries, is evidently derived from a fund altogether independent of their success and reputation in their particular professions."
    24. But when a dependent or retiree is admitted to a hospital or uses other services, the only fee he or she pays is a nominal subsistence fee for food while hospitalized.
    25. Poverty, the result of lack of access to land and the difficulty of finding off-farm employment, drives people in search of subsistence to more and more marginal areas, including coastal islands vulnerable to cyclones.
    26. The Legislature was convened in special session at Gov. Steve Cowper's request to consider a constitutional amendment to bring the state back into compliance with federal subsistence law.
    27. Bushman farmers, limited to a fraction of their traditional territory, hope to retain enough land to raise themselves just to subsistence levels when Namibia becomes independent after the voting Nov. 7-11.
    28. Alcoholism is widespread, as liquor fuels the depression of a younger generation skilled in neither the old subsistence traditions nor the modern ways of a technological society.
    29. Many are so close to the edge of subsistence they seem like tumbleweed, blown by the wind and living on air.
    30. Natives, protective of open space needed for subsistence hunting and fishing, own 44 million acres.
    subsistence
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    subsistence allowance
    subsistence cost
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    subsistence theory of...
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    subsite
    subsize
    subsized specimen
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    subsoil (subsurface) ...
    subsoil agricultural ...
    subsoil application
    subsoil application m...
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    subsoil cultivator
    subsoil drain
    subsoil drainage
    subsoil exploration
    subsoil flow
    subsoil ice
    subsoil improvement
    subsoil irrigation
    subsoil layer
    subsoil packer
    subsoil permissible load
    subsoil plough
    subsoil plow
    subsoil survey
    subsoil tillage
    subsoil water
    subsoil water movement
    subsoiler
    subsoiling
    subsoiling blade
    subsolar
    subsolar point
    subsolar point altitude
    subsolar point temper...
    subsolid
    subsolidus
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