[机] 水准点

[ noun ]
a surveyor's mark on a permanent object of predetermined position and elevation used as a reference point
<noun.communication>

Bench \Bench\, n.; pl. {Benches}. [OE. bench, benk, AS. benc;
akin to Sw. b["a]nk, Dan b[ae]nk, Icel. bekkr, OS., D., & G.
bank. Cf. {Bank}, {Beach}.]
1. A long seat, differing from a stool in its greater length.

Mossy benches supplied the place of chairs. --Sir W.
Scott.

2. A long table at which mechanics and other work; as, a
carpenter's bench.

3. The seat where judges sit in court.

To pluck down justice from your awful bench. --Shak.

4. The persons who sit as judges; the court; as, the opinion
of the full bench. See {King's Bench}.

5. A collection or group of dogs exhibited to the public; --
so named because the animals are usually placed on benches
or raised platforms.

6. A conformation like a bench; a long stretch of flat
ground, or a kind of natural terrace, near a lake or
river.

{Bench mark} (Leveling), one of a number of marks along a
line of survey, affixed to permanent objects, to show
where leveling staffs were placed. See {bench mark} in the
vocabulary.

{Bench of bishops}, the whole body of English prelates
assembled in council.

{Bench plane}, any plane used by carpenters and joiners for
working a flat surface, as jack planes, long planes.

{Bench show}, an exhibition of dogs.

{Bench table} (Arch.), a projecting course at the base of a
building, or round a pillar, sufficient to form a seat.

benchmark \benchmark\, bench mark \bench mark\ (Surveying)
1. Any permanent mark to which other levels may be referred.
such as:
(a) A horizontal mark at the water's edge with reference
to which the height of tides and floods may be
measured.
(b) a surveyer's mark on a permanent object of
predetermined position and elevation used as a
reference point.
[Webster 1913 Suppl. + WordNet 1.5]

2. something serving as a standard by which related items may
be judged; as, his painting sets the benchmark of quality.
[PJC + WordNet 1.5]

3. a test or series of tests designed to compare the
qualities or performance of different devices of the same
type. Certain sets of computer programs are much used as
benchmarks for comparing the performance of different
computers, especially by comparing the time it takes to
complete a test.
[PJC]