[计] 过剩数

Number \Num"ber\ (n[u^]m"b[~e]r), n. [OE. nombre, F. nombre, L.
numerus; akin to Gr. no`mos that which is dealt out, fr.
ne`mein to deal out, distribute. See {Numb}, {Nomad}, and cf.
{Numerate}, {Numero}, {Numerous}.]
1. That which admits of being counted or reckoned; a unit, or
an aggregate of units; a numerable aggregate or collection
of individuals; an assemblage made up of distinct things
expressible by figures.

2. A collection of many individuals; a numerous assemblage; a
multitude; many.

Ladies are always of great use to the party they
espouse, and never fail to win over numbers.
--Addison.

3. A numeral; a word or character denoting a number; as, to
put a number on a door.

4. Numerousness; multitude.

Number itself importeth not much in armies where the
people are of weak courage. --Bacon.

5. The state or quality of being numerable or countable.

Of whom came nations, tribes, people, and kindreds
out of number. --2 Esdras
iii. 7.

6. Quantity, regarded as made up of an aggregate of separate
things.

7. That which is regulated by count; poetic measure, as
divisions of time or number of syllables; hence, poetry,
verse; -- chiefly used in the plural.

I lisped in numbers, for the numbers came. --Pope.

8. (Gram.) The distinction of objects, as one, or more than
one (in some languages, as one, or two, or more than two),
expressed (usually) by a difference in the form of a word;
thus, the singular number and the plural number are the
names of the forms of a word indicating the objects
denoted or referred to by the word as one, or as more than
one.

9. (Math.) The measure of the relation between quantities or
things of the same kind; that abstract species of quantity
which is capable of being expressed by figures; numerical
value.

{Abstract number}, {Abundant number}, {Cardinal number}, etc.
See under {Abstract}, {Abundant}, etc.

{In numbers}, in numbered parts; as, a book published in
numbers.


Abundant \A*bun"dant\, a. [OE. (h)abundant, aboundant, F.
abondant, fr. L. abudans, p. pr. of abundare. See {Abound}.]
Fully sufficient; plentiful; in copious supply; -- followed
by in, rarely by with. ``Abundant in goodness and truth.''
--Exod. xxxiv. 6.

{Abundant number} (Math.), a number, the sum of whose aliquot
parts exceeds the number itself. Thus, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, the
aliquot parts of 12, make the number 16. This is opposed
to a {deficient} number, as 14, whose aliquot parts are 1,
2, 7, the sum of which is 10; and to a {perfect} number,
which is equal to the sum of its aliquot parts, as 6,
whose aliquot parts are 1, 2., 3.

Syn: Ample; plentiful; copious; plenteous; exuberant;
overflowing; rich; teeming; profuse; bountiful; liberal.
See {Ample}.

Imperfect \Im*per"fect\, a. [L. imperfectus: pref. im- not +
perfectus perfect: cf. F imparfait, whence OE. imparfit. See
{Perfect}.]
1. Not perfect; not complete in all its parts; wanting a
part; deective; deficient.

Something he left imperfect in the state. --Shak.

Why, then, your other senses grow imperfect. --Shak.

2. Wanting in some elementary organ that is essential to
successful or normal activity.

He . . . stammered like a child, or an amazed,
imperfect person. --Jer. Taylor.

3. Not fulfilling its design; not realizing an ideal; not
conformed to a standard or rule; not satisfying the taste
or conscience; esthetically or morally defective.

Nothing imperfect or deficient left
Of all that he created. --Milton.

Then say not man's imperfect, Heaven in fault;
Say rather, man's as perfect as he ought. --Pope.

{Imperfect arch}, an arch of less than a semicircle; a skew
arch.

{Imperfect cadence} (Mus.), one not ending with the tonic,
but with the dominant or some other chord; one not giving
complete rest; a half close.

{Imperfect consonances} (Mus.), chords like the third and
sixth, whose ratios are less simple than those of the
fifth and forth.

{Imperfect flower} (Bot.), a flower wanting either stamens or
pistils. --Gray.

{Imperfect interval} (Mus.), one a semitone less than
perfect; as, an imperfect fifth.

{Imperfect number} (Math.), a number either greater or less
than the sum of its several divisors; in the former case,
it is called also a {defective number}; in the latter, an
{abundant number}.

{Imperfect obligations} (Law), obligations as of charity or
gratitude, which cannot be enforced by law.

{Imperfect power} (Math.), a number which can not be produced
by taking any whole number or vulgar fraction, as a
factor, the number of times indicated by the power; thus,
9 is a perfect square, but an imperfect cube.

{Imperfect tense} (Gram.), a tense expressing past time and
incomplete action.