n. 蠓, 侏儒

[医] 蠓, 蚋

[ noun ]
minute two-winged mosquito-like fly lacking biting mouthparts; appear in dancing swarms especially near water
<noun.animal>

Midge \Midge\, n. [OE. migge, AS. mycge; akin to OS. muggia, D.
mug, G. m["u]cke, OHG. mucca, Icel. m?, Sw. mygga, mygg, Dan.
myg; perh. named from its buzzing; cf. Gr. ? to low, bellow.]
(Zo["o]l.)
1. Any one of many small, delicate, long-legged flies of the
{Chironomus}, and allied genera, which do not bite. Their
larv[ae] are usually aquatic.

2. A very small fly, abundant in many parts of the United
States and Canada, noted for the irritating quality of its
bite.

Note: The name is also applied to various other small flies.
See {Wheat midge}, under {Wheat}.

Sand \Sand\, n. [AS. sand; akin to D. zand, G. sand, OHG. sant,
Icel. sandr, Dan. & Sw. sand, Gr. ?.]
1. Fine particles of stone, esp. of siliceous stone, but not
reduced to dust; comminuted stone in the form of loose
grains, which are not coherent when wet.

That finer matter, called sand, is no other than
very small pebbles. --Woodward.

2. A single particle of such stone. [R.] --Shak.

3. The sand in the hourglass; hence, a moment or interval of
time; the term or extent of one's life.

The sands are numbered that make up my life. --Shak.

4. pl. Tracts of land consisting of sand, like the deserts of
Arabia and Africa; also, extensive tracts of sand exposed
by the ebb of the tide. ``The Libyan sands.'' --Milton.
``The sands o' Dee.'' --C. Kingsley.

5. Courage; pluck; grit. [Slang]

{Sand badger} (Zo["o]l.), the Japanese badger ({Meles
ankuma}).

{Sand bag}.
(a) A bag filled with sand or earth, used for various
purposes, as in fortification, for ballast, etc.
(b) A long bag filled with sand, used as a club by
assassins.

{Sand ball}, soap mixed with sand, made into a ball for use
at the toilet.

{Sand bath}.
(a) (Chem.) A vessel of hot sand in a laboratory, in which
vessels that are to be heated are partially immersed.
(b) A bath in which the body is immersed in hot sand.

{Sand bed}, a thick layer of sand, whether deposited
naturally or artificially; specifically, a thick layer of
sand into which molten metal is run in casting, or from a
reducing furnace.

{Sand birds} (Zo["o]l.), a collective name for numerous
species of limicoline birds, such as the sandpipers,
plovers, tattlers, and many others; -- called also {shore
birds}.

{Sand blast}, a process of engraving and cutting glass and
other hard substances by driving sand against them by a
steam jet or otherwise; also, the apparatus used in the
process.

{Sand box}.
(a) A box with a perforated top or cover, for sprinkling
paper with sand.
(b) A box carried on locomotives, from which sand runs on
the rails in front of the driving wheel, to prevent
slipping.

{Sand-box tree} (Bot.), a tropical American tree ({Hura
crepitans}). Its fruit is a depressed many-celled woody
capsule which, when completely dry, bursts with a loud
report and scatters the seeds. See Illust. of {Regma}.

{Sand bug} (Zo["o]l.), an American anomuran crustacean
({Hippa talpoidea}) which burrows in sandy seabeaches. It
is often used as bait by fishermen. See Illust. under
{Anomura}.

{Sand canal} (Zo["o]l.), a tubular vessel having a calcareous
coating, and connecting the oral ambulacral ring with the
madreporic tubercle. It appears to be excretory in
function.

{Sand cock} (Zo["o]l.), the redshank. [Prov. Eng.]

{Sand collar}. (Zo["o]l.) Same as {Sand saucer}, below.

{Sand crab}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The lady crab.
(b) A land crab, or ocypodian.

{Sand crack} (Far.), a crack extending downward from the
coronet, in the wall of a horse's hoof, which often causes
lameness.

{Sand cricket} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of
large terrestrial crickets of the genus {Stenophelmatus}
and allied genera, native of the sandy plains of the
Western United States.

{Sand cusk} (Zo["o]l.), any ophidioid fish. See {Illust.}
under {Ophidioid}.

{Sand dab} (Zo["o]l.), a small American flounder ({Limanda
ferruginea}); -- called also {rusty dab}. The name is also
applied locally to other allied species.

{Sand darter} (Zo["o]l.), a small etheostomoid fish of the
Ohio valley ({Ammocrypta pellucida}).

{Sand dollar} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of small
flat circular sea urchins, which live on sandy bottoms,
especially {Echinarachnius parma} of the American coast.


{Sand drift}, drifting sand; also, a mound or bank of drifted
sand.

{Sand eel}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A lant, or launce.
(b) A slender Pacific Ocean fish of the genus
{Gonorhynchus}, having barbels about the mouth.

{Sand flag}, sandstone which splits up into flagstones.

{Sand flea}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any species of flea which inhabits, or breeds in,
sandy places, especially the common dog flea.
(b) The chigoe.
(c) Any leaping amphipod crustacean; a beach flea, or
orchestian. See {Beach flea}, under {Beach}.

{Sand flood}, a vast body of sand borne along by the wind.
--James Bruce.

{Sand fluke}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The sandnecker.
(b) The European smooth dab ({Pleuronectes
microcephalus}); -- called also {kitt}, {marysole},
{smear dab}, {town dab}.

{Sand fly} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of small
dipterous flies of the genus {Simulium}, abounding on
sandy shores, especially {Simulium nocivum} of the United
States. They are very troublesome on account of their
biting habits. Called also {no-see-um}, {punky}, and
{midge}.

{Sand gall}. (Geol.) See {Sand pipe}, below.

{Sand grass} (Bot.), any species of grass which grows in
sand; especially, a tufted grass ({Triplasis purpurea})
with numerous bearded joints, and acid awl-shaped leaves,
growing on the Atlantic coast.

{Sand grouse} (Zo["o]l.), any one of many species of Old
World birds belonging to the suborder Pterocletes, and
resembling both grouse and pigeons. Called also {rock
grouse}, {rock pigeon}, and {ganga}. They mostly belong to
the genus {Pterocles}, as the common Indian species ({P.
exustus}). The large sand grouse ({P. arenarius}), the
painted sand grouse ({P. fasciatus}), and the pintail sand
grouse ({P. alchata}) are also found in India. See Illust.
under {Pterocletes}.

{Sand hill}, a hill of sand; a dune.

{Sand-hill crane} (Zo["o]l.), the American brown crane ({Grus
Mexicana}).

{Sand hopper} (Zo["o]l.), a beach flea; an orchestian.

{Sand hornet} (Zo["o]l.), a sand wasp.

{Sand lark}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A small lark ({Alaudala raytal}), native of India.
(b) A small sandpiper, or plover, as the ringneck, the
sanderling, and the common European sandpiper.
(c) The Australian red-capped dotterel ({[AE]gialophilus
ruficapillus}); -- called also {red-necked plover}.

{Sand launce} (Zo["o]l.), a lant, or launce.

{Sand lizard} (Zo["o]l.), a common European lizard ({Lacerta
agilis}).

{Sand martin} (Zo["o]l.), the bank swallow.

{Sand mole} (Zo["o]l.), the coast rat.

{Sand monitor} (Zo["o]l.), a large Egyptian lizard ({Monitor
arenarius}) which inhabits dry localities.

{Sand mouse} (Zo["o]l.), the dunlin. [Prov. Eng.]

{Sand myrtle}. (Bot.) See under {Myrtle}.

{Sand partridge} (Zo["o]l.), either of two small Asiatic
partridges of the genus {Ammoperdix}. The wings are long
and the tarsus is spurless. One species ({A. Heeji})
inhabits Palestine and Arabia. The other species ({A.
Bonhami}), inhabiting Central Asia, is called also {seesee
partridge}, and {teehoo}.

{Sand picture}, a picture made by putting sand of different
colors on an adhesive surface.

{Sand pike}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The sauger.
(b) The lizard fish.

{Sand pillar}, a sand storm which takes the form of a
whirling pillar in its progress in desert tracts like
those of the Sahara and Mongolia.

{Sand pipe} (Geol.), a tubular cavity, from a few inches to
several feet in depth, occurring especially in calcareous
rocks, and often filled with gravel, sand, etc.; -- called
also {sand gall}.

{Sand pride} (Zo["o]l.), a small British lamprey now
considered to be the young of larger species; -- called
also {sand prey}.

{Sand pump}, in artesian well boring, a long, slender bucket
with a valve at the bottom for raising sand from the well.


{Sand rat} (Zo["o]l.), the pocket gopher.

{Sand rock}, a rock made of cemented sand.

{Sand runner} (Zo["o]l.), the turnstone.

{Sand saucer} (Zo["o]l.), the mass of egg capsules, or
o["o]thec[ae], of any mollusk of the genus {Natica} and
allied genera. It has the shape of a bottomless saucer,
and is coated with fine sand; -- called also {sand
collar}.

{Sand screw} (Zo["o]l.), an amphipod crustacean
({Lepidactylis arenarius}), which burrows in the sandy
seabeaches of Europe and America.

{Sand shark} (Zo["o]l.), an American shark ({Odontaspis
littoralis}) found on the sandy coasts of the Eastern
United States; -- called also {gray shark}, and {dogfish
shark}. See Illust. under {Remora}.

{Sand skink} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of Old
World lizards belonging to the genus {Seps}; as, the
ocellated sand skink ({Seps ocellatus}) of Southern
Europe.

{Sand skipper} (Zo["o]l.), a beach flea, or orchestian.

{Sand smelt} (Zo["o]l.), a silverside.

{Sand snake}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any one of several species of harmless burrowing
snakes of the genus {Eryx}, native of Southern Europe,
Africa, and Asia, especially {E. jaculus} of India and
{E. Johnii}, used by snake charmers.
(b) Any innocuous South African snake of the genus
{Psammophis}, especially {P. sibilans}.

{Sand snipe} (Zo["o]l.), the sandpiper.

{Sand star} (Zo["o]l.), an ophiurioid starfish living on
sandy sea bottoms; a brittle star.

{Sand storm}, a cloud of sand driven violently by the wind.


{Sand sucker}, the sandnecker.

{Sand swallow} (Zo["o]l.), the bank swallow. See under
{Bank}.

{Sand trap}, (Golf) a shallow pit on a golf course having a
layer of sand in it, usually located near a green, and
designed to function as a hazard, due to the difficulty of
hitting balls effectively from such a position.

{Sand tube}, a tube made of sand. Especially:
(a) A tube of vitrified sand, produced by a stroke of
lightning; a fulgurite.
(b) (Zo["o]l.) Any tube made of cemented sand.
(c) (Zo["o]l.) In starfishes, a tube having calcareous
particles in its wall, which connects the oral water
tube with the madreporic plate.

{Sand viper}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Hognose snake}.

{Sand wasp} (Zo["o]l.), any one of numerous species of
hymenopterous insects belonging to the families
{Pompilid[ae]} and {Spherid[ae]}, which dig burrows in
sand. The female provisions the nest with insects or
spiders which she paralyzes by stinging, and which serve
as food for her young.